70 años de La Flor de la Canela: la historia de la canción que Chabuca Granda le compuso a una vieja amiga
enero 10, 2020
Un homenaje a Nicolás Puentes Macías.
enero 28, 2020
Posted by ALEJANDRO ORTEGA NERIDate: enero 10, 2020in: Portada, Principales, Sociedad y Justicia
El investigador de la BUAZ, Esaúl Arteaga Domínguez ■ FOTO: ALEJANDRO ORTEGA NERI
■ Es una tradición profano-religiosa de Nochistlán que busca venerar al mártir San Sebastián
■ Lamenta investigador que la celebración no tenga la proyección ni la difusión que merece
Seguramente los violines, las vihuelas y las tamboras se están afinando ya en el municipio de Nochistlán, que este mes, sobre todo del 17 al 21 de enero, festejarán una vez más, como lo vienen al menos haciendo desde hace más de tres siglos, según fuentes documentales, su fiesta de Los Papaquis, una tradición profano-religiosa que tiene por objetivo venerar al mártir San Sebastián pero en la que persisten también elementos de tradición caxcana y que debido a esto, su larga duración y su importancia antropológica, musical y cultural, es para el investigador universitario Esaúl Arteaga Domínguez, la fiesta más importante y legítima que tiene el estado de Zacatecas.
El interés por la música tradicional llevó a Arteaga Domínguez, quien hoy está al frente de la Secretaría de Actividades Culturales del Sindicato de Personal Académico de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (Spauaz), a encontrarse con el jarabe de Nochistlán, una música de la región norte de Jalisco y sur de Zacatecas de tradición “mariachera” de fines del siglo 19 y principio del 20, y que para encontrar sus huellas tuvo que adentrarse en la fiesta de Los Papaquis, gracias a la cual se ha podido conservar y sobre todo dar un sentido ritual, según informa el especialista.
Sin embargo, el centralismo administrativo, político y cultural que se padece en México y que se reproduce en todos los estados ha hecho que dicha fiesta no tenga la proyección ni la difusión que merece, lamenta el investigador, aun y cuando Nochistlán se ostenta ahora, debido a una nueva imagen, como el “Más musical de los Pueblos Mágicos”.
“Pienso que es muy importante que se conozcan y se reconozcan las tradiciones de los municipios, sobre todo de este tipo de fiestas en las que participa prácticamente todo el pueblo, porque las tradiciones que ellos tienen son de una riqueza cultural y antropológica muy importantes que no se conocen, de tal manera que hace falta darlo a conocer”.
“Nochistlán está olvidado. Se han perdido muchos valores arqueológicos por la falta de atención administrativa y política. En Nochistlán se sienten abandonados administrativamente por Zacatecas. Me he dado cuenta que muchos de los pobladores, en un cerro que fue escenario bélico entre españoles e indígenas, han saqueado el lugar: puntas de flecha, objetos, ídolos, que tienen un valor histórico que sería para tener un museo muy importante y, sin embargo, desde el punto de vista histórico cultural está abandonado”, lamenta Arteaga Domínguez
Y es que para el investigador, además de la riqueza cultural y antropológica, también la tiene en materia gastronómica, sin embargo, es gracias a sus tradiciones como la fiesta de Los Papaqui y otras que se realizan a lo largo del año, que se ha podido conservar la permanencia de las agrupaciones jaraberas que vinieron a darle un toque ritual y festivo a la fiesta que hace que coexista la tradición indígena con la colonial, en ese lugar donde dice, “hay más músicos que gente”.
“Es una de las fiestas más importantes del estado y de más larga tradición, porque ha permitido la permanencia de estas agrupaciones y por su riqueza antropológica. Viene desde la Colonia, es de las que más larga duración tienen, pues lo que se sabe es que viene desde el siglo 17. Y se me hace más legítima esta fiesta porque hay fuertes raíces indígenas, de raíces caxcanas, que fue un grupo indómito debido a su carácter semi nómada y potencial guerrero”, reitera.
La fiesta, explica quien es uno de los fundadores de la antigua escuela de música de la BUAZ, se divide en varios días y actividades. “A la parte pagana, los nochistlenses le llaman ‘fiesta de afuera’, en tanto que a la parte religiosa le denominan ‘fiesta de adentro’, siendo esta última responsabilidad del sacerdote del lugar y su personal administrativo; comprende misas, rosarios y procesiones”.
EL PAPAQUI ES CUANDO LOS CELEBRANTES SE “ACARICIAN” CON PINOLE EL ROSTRO
La fiesta de afuera, explica, tiene un carácter eminentemente popular y se celebra del 17 al 21 de enero; es organizada por un grupo de “celebrantes” que se conforma por un mayordomo, cuatro o cinco regidores, y cuatro o cinco alcaldes. Los regidores son los responsables de los eventos matutinos de la fiesta y los alcaldes de los festejos nocturnos.
“La fiesta de afuera comprende el ofrecimiento de almuerzos con menudo, obsequio de los distintos regidores, quienes reciben en sus casas a cuanta gente quiere ir a desayunar, brindándose el almuerzo a unas 500 personas. Aunque la asistencia es general, los más pobres tienen una excelente oportunidad para disfrutar de los alimentos; se ofrecen comidas de recepción a danzantes y peregrinos en las que se les brinda el tradicional picadillo”.
Cuando concluye el almuerzo del día, detalla, se realiza el Papaqui que es cuando los celebrantes se “acarician” con pinole el rostro que queda pintado, se arrojan cacahuates, colaciones y naranjas que simbolizan armas en una representación de un enfrentamiento, quizá entre caxcanes y españoles que deviene en acto festivo.
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